Hello netizen, I want sharing about Amazing Fact about science invention. Today many science in our encyclopedia are from renaissance scientist invention. Truthful, these invention are inherited from Islamic Medieval Golden Age which the Islamic scientist also inherited from the Greek Invention. The more amazing fact, The Greeks had learned from Egypt and Mespotamian Science. Because The Egyptian and Mesopotamian are discovered many invention that today we enjoyed.
Many science discovered by Egyptian and Mesopotamian Scientist, but I just review about Mesopotamian invention. Mesopotamian is exist in ancient period, it was destroyed by The Persian in 539 BC.
In middle age in 8th century, Mesopotamia is revived as Medieval Islamic Golden Age where Arabian Hasyim Tribe founded The Abbasyid Calliphate based on Mesopotamia. This era is known as many Famous Scientist that was born in this place. So from the Ancient Period until Middle Age, Mesopotamian is known as The Cradle of Science. Why I called The Cradle of Science? Because this place had born many important discoveries that roled in science today.
FYI, today Mesopotamian is Iraq, which Mesopotamia name is gave by the Greek Scientist Herodotus, which Mesos = Middle and Potamos = River, because this country is located between two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris river. It has many civilization from Sumerian Kingdom until Abbasyid Calliphate. These civilization has contributed a lot of science today, so I want discuss it for your knowledege, netizen. In this article I just writing about Mesopotamian in acnient period from Sumerian to New Babylonian age. For about The Medieval Islamic Golden Age I will review after this artivcle, so I had divide into 2 part, where The Cradle of Science Part 1 is about ancient period and The Cradle of Science Part 2 is about Medieval Islamic Golden Age.
Please enjoy this article Netizen, if you want comment my article just fill the comments below!
Netizen, do you know about zodiac that often we read in magazine and newspaper? The zodiac are discovered by Mesopotamian, which Greek converted into modern 12 zodiac today. The Mesopotamian created the zodiac system based 1 hour/60 minute, 360 degree circle, and 1year/12 month. Their calendar is very similiar to modern calendar, why? Because they knew that 1 week is 7 day and 1 year is 360 day, which is similiar to our calendar!
Netizen, do you know about zodiac that often we read in magazine and newspaper? The zodiac are discovered by Mesopotamian, which Greek converted into modern 12 zodiac today. The Mesopotamian created the zodiac system based 1 hour/60 minute, 360 degree circle, and 1year/12 month. Their calendar is very similiar to modern calendar, why? Because they knew that 1 week is 7 day and 1 year is 360 day, which is similiar to our calendar!
This is an amazing fact, these Mesopotamian scientist discover many invention in ancient period there was no computer like today. Just netizen imagine that if we lived in those days, it would be very difficult to do scientific research without computer.
As you know netizen, the computers we are using now is the result of their invention. What about their invention? You can see my writing below netizen:
1. Decimal Number
FYI netizen, the π number that we often find in Math subject is found by The Mesopotamian. Where they assumed π=3,125. Later this number was developed by Pythagoras, the Greek Scientist. Imagine netizen, the number has been founded thousands of years ago! Is that cool?
2.Pictographic Writing System
3. Mari Disc: The Cuneiform Calendar Tablet
Netizen, the calendar we use today is discovered by The Mesopotamian, where the calendar is made perfect by The Egypts, The Greeks and The Romans. The cuneiform is show about date, month and year.
FYI, this tablet is 10.000 old! This tablet is comprised of pebble with 12 notches.
Soon from this tablet The Sumerian has added up 360 days per year, 1 year have 12 month and 1 month have 30 days. Later The Babylonians introduced 1 week have 7 days.
This Disc is discovered by The archaeological and epigraphical which they are a prime significance for the history of Mesopotamia located in Upper Syria. Now this disc is stored in Museum Louvree, France.
For more information, check it out www.louvre.fr/en
5. Nippur Cubit : Display The Hours and Minute
This tool is an ancient measure from Nippur, Mesopotamia, founded in 4000 BC. People could judge the time of day by following the sun.
This is an important invention, because we can predict the the time of year, able knowing when to plant crops, expect rain or snow and harvest crops. That is why a yearly calendar was developed before clocks and minutes and seconds didn't come to the Middle Ages. Netizen if you want look this item, just visit to the Archeological Museum of Istanbul, Turkey.
For more information check it out istanbularkeoloji.gov.tr/
6.Calendar: Sumerian Star Chart
The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks. They were also aware of the five planets that are visible to the naked eye. They were discovered the first calendar, Sumerian Calendar. This calendar is base on lunar period
In Mesopotamia the solar year was divided into two seasons, the "summer," which included the barley harvests in the second half of May or in the beginning of June, and the "winter," which roughly corresponded to today's fall-winter.
This calender divided a year into 12 lunar months of 29 or 30 days. Later this calendar was developed by Chaldeans, The Babylonians Astronomer. Each month began with the sighting of a new moon. It tracked 354 days per year. FYI netizen, The Sumerian Calendar is also same as Jewish Calendar and Hijri Calendar that Moslem use today.7.Zodiac
You may find about your zodiac sign in magazine, newspaper and interney, netizen. Netizen, the zodiac we see today is base on Greek Astrology. But FYI, this zodiac system is founded by Mesopotamian. Just look at history netizen, in ancient Sumeria that we find the oldest records of the study of astronomy are in Babylon. This zodiac system is base on the same geographic area, the Sumerians astronomical traditions plus base of their myths and legends.
They in turn developed their own astronomical culture and passed it on to the Greeks and eventually to our modern world. The greatest legacy was inherited to modern western astronomy which we know today.
8. Mathematics
When math is existed? Many netizen ask this question. Maybe you are bored and stress of this subject, netizen. But if there are no math, it's impossible to create a civilization.
Why? Just look at history where many great civilization such Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greek was made by math. For example, if you want to bulid your home, you have to measure how many length and how many the height your house? This problem can be solve by Math Science, netizen. So dou like math netizen?
No matter what your answer may be, you are not alone. Mathematics is a challenging subject. Its basic concepts began to emerge when the world's very first civilization took root in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. Back then, the Sumerians developed a unique numeral system, using a base of sixty. In scientific terms, that system is called a sexagesimal system. Since the Sumerians counted things with sixty as a unit, they had the same symbol (
) for 1 and 60. And they would express 70 (
) as, literally, the sum of 60 () and
10 (
). Likewise, they would express 125 (
) as the sum of two units of 60 () and one unit of 5 (
).
) for 1 and 60. And they would express 70 () as, literally, the sum of 60 () and 10 (
). Likewise, they would express 125 () as the sum of two units of 60 () and one unit of 5 ().
When the Sumerians first came up with their numerals, they did not have a specific symbol for zero. If they needed to inscribe, say, 506 on a clay tablet, they would simply put a blank space between the symbols of 5 () and 6 (
). This way of denoting zero could be quite confusing and problematic. Neither the Sumerians nor other people in Mesopotamia (most notably, the Babylonians) were able to come up with a solution at the time. From their invention, these numerals were developed around 500 A.D. This numeral were developed by the Indians who developed the Arabic numerals that we are still using today netizen.
9.Writing
Long time ago before we can type in our laptop, The Mesopotamian can write on the tablets in 3500 BC! FYI, 5000 years ago Mesopotamian people is the first human group, which can read and write. But their alphabet is very different from alphabet today. Netizen, you may be shock by see the photo above, because the alphabet is difficult to read. Why it's difficult? Because they are use cuneiform which have the function both phonetically (representing a sound) and semantically (representing a meaning such as an object or concept).
The first people in Mesopotamia can read and write is Sumerian people. The Sumerians developed the first form of writing. As Sumerian towns grew into cities, the people needed a way to keep track of business transactions, ownership rights, and government records. Around 3300 BC the Sumerians began to use picture symbols marked into clay tablets such as image below
It's different from pictography that Egyptian people use because pictography is only representing objects directly as a picture. Greatly, from their writing ability, they created the first law which known as The Code of Hammurabi or Code of Laws which is created by the famous Babylonian King Hammurabi.
This type of writing is called cuneiform writing because it means "wedge-shaped". What that means?
For example, a drawing of a person's head, meant the word "head". This alphabet very different from alphabet today, because many of us use the Latin alphabet netizen.
10.Architecture
Before we can build a house, the Mesopotamian people was able to created a building, here I my 7 list of famous Mesopotamian building from Sumerian to New Baylonian era. I hope you can enjoy it netizen!
) and 6 (). This way of denoting zero could be quite confusing and problematic. Neither the Sumerians nor other people in Mesopotamia (most notably, the Babylonians) were able to come up with a solution at the time. From their invention, these numerals were developed around 500 A.D. This numeral were developed by the Indians who developed the Arabic numerals that we are still using today netizen.9.Writing
The first people in Mesopotamia can read and write is Sumerian people. The Sumerians developed the first form of writing. As Sumerian towns grew into cities, the people needed a way to keep track of business transactions, ownership rights, and government records. Around 3300 BC the Sumerians began to use picture symbols marked into clay tablets such as image below
It's different from pictography that Egyptian people use because pictography is only representing objects directly as a picture. Greatly, from their writing ability, they created the first law which known as The Code of Hammurabi or Code of Laws which is created by the famous Babylonian King Hammurabi.
This type of writing is called cuneiform writing because it means "wedge-shaped". What that means?
For example, a drawing of a person's head, meant the word "head". This alphabet very different from alphabet today, because many of us use the Latin alphabet netizen.
10.Architecture
Before we can build a house, the Mesopotamian people was able to created a building, here I my 7 list of famous Mesopotamian building from Sumerian to New Baylonian era. I hope you can enjoy it netizen!
1. Ziggurat of Ur
2. Plain of Asshur
3. Tower of Babel
4. The White Temple of Uruk
5. Palace of Sargon II Khorsabad
7. Ishtar Gate
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Very good article
BalasHapus